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ハタハタ hatahata – the sound of something fluttering in the wind So why do you need to know this? It can help you determine which words are sound words and which are not while you read. Sound words can have degrees and knowing the class helps you determine if the words are related: Miscellaneous – catches all the other words that don’t fall into the previous groups. コロコロ korokoro (something rolling) This is the most common class of sound words. ガサゴソ gasa-goso (a rattling sound).ĭoubled Base – repeats the base sound of the word. Japanese sound words in this class use the stem like hanaĪltered Reduplication – repeats the first word with a slight change. Hanasu (to speak) => hana (bare stem) => hanashimasu (speak, present tense) A word stem is the basic version of the verb. There are 5 classes that categorizes word structure (Kadooka, 2009).īare stem – this is the root of the word. Katakana is used to write loanwords like television, テレビ ( terebi) and to make words stand out. Onomatopoeia are mostly written in katakana. I will use katakana for sound words, but you may also see them in hiragana and kanji. These are not true sound words but they appear in both anime and manga. Gitaigo: words that represent something visual or a feeling. ザアザア zaazaa (the sound of rain, English lacks a true equivalent).Giseigo: These words mimic voices of people and animals. Let’s look at the families before we get into the more technical classes (Inose, n.d.): English sound words have the same families and classes. Classes group words by their structure, how the words themselves look and sound. Families group words together by what sounds they mimic. With all that in mind, let’s look at how Japanese onomatopoeia work. They are more aware than the general reader about cultural differences between countries. Manga readers are comfortable with seeing different languages and looking up the meanings of words. Manga readers have better developed multidimensional thinking than traditional readers because of the complex cinematic language of the medium. Manga encourages a variety of skills, from image interpretation to the Japanese language, that reading traditional prose cannot do. Now add in Japanese sound words and words English lacks like shonen, shojo, and maiko. Not to mention good manga is read right to left.
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You have know how to read the overlapping images and text. Manga readers have to understand some aspects of Japanese culture to get the references. This simply means it takes many different skills to read. This actually means manga readers have an edge over traditional book-readers. So manga readers have to learn these words. Next, English lacks most of the sound effects found in Japanese. English words can mess up the flow and impact of the story. First, it’s expensive to edit the sound effects and replace them with English. However, it’s common for manga to leave these sound words untranslated. Luckily, manga doesn’t use all of these sound words. Onomatopoeia are words used to represent calls of animals, sounds of nature, sounds of people, and other sounds (Alilyeh & Zeinolabedin, 2014). Japanese has around 1,200 onomatopoeia divided into 3 families (Kadooka, 2009.